It is inevitable that software will occasionally fail, sometimes in a controlled and predicted manner that can be catered for within the software itself, and more rarely in an unexpected and uncontrolled manner such that the software will either lock up or just unexpectedly terminate.
When an application crashes in an unexpected manner the operation system will often create some form of log or dump files to help developers investigate the reason for the crash.
These documents describe how to identify or create the crash files to aid with crash investigations: